Oracle Database

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Что такое Oracle Database

Oracle Database – это многомодельная система управления базами данных. Oracle Database может использоваться для оперативной обработки транзакций (OLTP), хранения данных, а также смешанных рабочих нагрузок баз данных. Это означает, что она может использоваться в вычислительных онлайн-сервисах, взаимодействуя с большими массивами данных: например, в основе аналитического онлайн-сервиса.

Основные возможности Oracle Database

• Различные варианты хранения данных: локальная, облачная и гибридная модель.
• Oracle Database может хранить даннные в реляционной, документальной, графовой, объектной модели, а также модели «ключ – значение».
• Поддержка большого количества разнообразных типов данных.
• Поддержка SQL и PL/SQL – процедурного расширения языка SQL, которое позволяет использовать императивный и объектно-ориентированный стиль программирования, в отличие от классического декларативного SQL.
• Автоматическая репликация данных.
• Автоматическое восстановление поврежденных данных.
• Автоматическое масштабирование базы данных при увеличении нагрузки.
• Поддержка транзакций – последовательностей операторов, которые рассматриваются как неделимое действие.

Особенности Oracle Database

СУБД, которые наиболее близки по функционалу к Oracle Database – IBM Db2 и Microsoft SQL Server. Oracle и IBM, как правило, борются за рынок баз данных среднего уровня на платформах Unix и Linux, в то время как Microsoft доминирует на рынке баз данных среднего уровня на платформах Microsoft Windows.

Преимущества Oracle Database

• Функции безопасности, такие как шифрование, контроль доступа и аудит.
• Возможности сжатия данных и поддержка ограничений ссылочной целостности, которые обеспечивают порядок и сохранение производительности в управлении большими массивами данных .
• Функция Database In-Memory, с которой Oracle Database может обрабатывать миллиарды строк данных в секунду.
• Технология машинного обучения с анализом данных в реальном времени – Oracle Machine Learning.
• Технологии для обеспечения кластеризации и высокой доступности данных, такие как Real Application Clusters и Data Guard.
• Поддержка всех популярных языков программирования.
• Наличие многофункциональных инструмента управления базами данных – Enterprise Manager.

Oracle

Oracle is a multinational software corporation and one of the largest players in the IT enterprise solution market. They are famous for developing the Oracle database. This database is a relational database management system that is used for grid computing. This allows a very cost-effective method for handling information.

It also supports handling of large databases, analytics, and business intelligence. They have expanded their market and now develop many other applications such as data storage equipment, data analysis tools, and middleware.

In 2018, Oracle is the third largest software development company by revenue and has a market share of more than 40%. They are in the process of developing cloud applications for the future.

History of Oracle

The company was co-founded by Larry Ellison along with Bob Miner and Ed Oates, and the initial name of the company was Software Development Laboratories. Ellison was inspired by a paper authored by Edgar F. Codd on relational database management systems and the IBM System R.

The first SQL database Relational Database Management system was launched in 1979. In 1984, the first database with read consistency was deployed.

In 1986, the company launched the first client-server database management system, and in the subsequent years, they launched PL/SQL and UNIX based applications. They formally changed their name to Oracle Corporation.

At that time co-founder, Bob Miner was the senior programmer. Their early products were made using the C programming language.

Edition of Oracle

These are six editions of Oracle:

• Enterprise edition – It is the most robust version of the database system with high scalability, performance, and security required for handling critical applications such as online transactional processing.
• Express edition – It is a lightweight, entry-level and free edition of the software. It is easy to download, install and run. It is easier to migrate to other editions and can be installed on a system that has multiple CPUs that can have any size, through a single CPU on the host machine. It can store 11 GB of the user’s data.
• Standard Edition One – This edition is used for handling all types of database tasks, in small business environments and large scale corporations. It offers ease of use, high performance, accessibility, and web applications. Workgroups can be organized easily while using these editions.
• Oracle Lite – The edition is built for mobile devices and is used to connect the databases with mobile applications. It helps in handling remote applications, device management, and data synchronization.
• Oracle Standard edition – This edition provides similar features that the Standard Edition One provides. It provides support for larger systems and Oracle Real Application Clusters (Oracle RAC).
• Oracle Personal edition – The personal edition provides an application deployment environment and development platform. This is available only on Linux and Windows.

Architecture of Oracle Database

The architecture of the Oracle database is described as follows:

• Database — A database consists of one instance and a database. The different processes and memory are handled by the instance. The physical data files are within the database. When a database is started, the SGA (System Global Area) is assigned to the background processes.
• Instance – An instance is a combination of the different memory buffers and background processes.
• Database server — The database is used to store and obtain the information. The database server is used to handle all the data related tasks. It manages the data so that multiple users can have access to the data concurrently. It also helps in the prevention of unauthorized access to the data and helps in the system recovery.
• Listener – The listener is used to develop a channel between the client process and the database instance. It is a database server process that receives the client requests, connects it to the instance and provides the connection to the process.

Why Opt for Oracle?

Oracle is a very popular choice for users and companies all over the world due to the following reasons:

1) Enhanced system upgrades – As Oracle databases are backwards compatible, the companies are able to upgrade their entire database systems easily. Oracle provides low-cost upgrading facilities and the entire system does not have to be altered.

2) Data recovery – The Oracle database implements a technology called Flashback that helps in securing lost data. This technology enhances data recovery time and human error. This simplifies the administration.

3) Enhanced features – The Real Application Cluster feature of the Oracle database allows multiple servers to work on a single database. This enhances the processing power of the database. There are options to fine-tune the database to synchronize it with the server.

4) Versatility – The database is very versatile as to choosing the operating system to run it. It can be run on any operating system such as Windows and UNIX. For example, the Oracle SQL database can be installed in a UNIX system, while the standardization of the SQL can be preserved. As UNIX is not much vulnerable to viruses, the user can use this to their advantage.

5) Version changes – Oracle has very updated notifications that inform you of the details about the next version to be released and its new features. It has good documentation along with a very active community where users can discuss the issues.

Conclusion

The different features of Oracle along with its versatility make it a major name in the database software industry. The database is portable and can be used in different operating systems with ease. The enhanced technologies enable users to recover their data faster and reduce the chances of data loss. As Oracle Corporation is the largest developer of database technologies, they have the potential to spend more on research and development, which in turn allows them to develop advanced products. Their customer support is also very strong and the issues are resolved efficiently.

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